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}} |other_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Sub-provincial city |motto = |image_skyline = Wuhan montage.png |image_caption = From top: Wuhan and the Yangtze River, Yellow Crane Tower, Wuhan Custom House, and Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge |image_map = Wuhan_in_Hubei.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Wuhan City jurisdiction in Hubei |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Hubei |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = 13 |subdivision_type3 = Township divisions |subdivision_name3 = 153 |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Party Secretary |leader_name = Ruan Chengfa () |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Wan Yong () |established_title = Settled |established_date = 1500 BC |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes =〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.whtj.gov.cn/documents/tjnj2010.pdf )p. 15〕 |area_total_km2 = 8494.41 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |population_as_of = 2013 |population_footnotes = |population_note = 2013 |population_total = 10,220,000 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coordinates_region = CN-42 |coordinates_display = inline,title |latd= 30 |latm= 35 |latNS=N |longd=114 |longm=17 |longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 37 |elevation_ft =121 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code =430000–430400 |area_code = 0027 |blank_name = GDP |blank_info = 2014 |blank1_name = - Total |blank1_info = CNY 1.01 trillion USD 161 billion (8th) |blank2_name = - Per capita |blank2_info = CNY 98,527 USD 15,764 (11th) |blank3_name = - Growth |blank3_info = 9.7% |blank4_name =License plate prefixes |blank4_info =A O (police and authorities) |website = |blank1_name_sec2 = City trees |blank1_info_sec2 = metasequoia |blank2_name_sec2 = City flowers |blank2_info_sec2 = plum blossom }} Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43585.htm )〕 People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Focus on Wuhan, China )〕 It lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain at the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers. Arising out of the conglomeration of three cities, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is known as "Jiusheng Tongqu (the nine provinces' leading thoroughfare)"; it is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city and connecting to major cities in Mainland China. Because of its key role in domestic transportation, Wuhan was sometimes referred to as the "Chicago of China." Holding sub-provincial status, Wuhan is recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, educational and transportation center of central China.〔 The city of Wuhan, first termed as such in 1927, has a population of 10,220,000 people (as of 2013).〔 In the 1920s, Wuhan was the national capital of a leftist Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei in opposition to Chiang Kai-shek, as well as wartime capital in 1937.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=AN AMERICAN IN CHINA: 1936-39 A Memoir )〕 At the 2010 census, its built-up (''or metro'') area made of 8 out of 10 urban districts (''all but Xinzhou and Hannan not yet conurbated'') was home to 8,821,658 inhabitants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China: Administrative Division of Húbĕi / 湖北省 )〕 ==History== With a 3,500-year-long history, Wuhan is one of the most ancient and civilized metropolitan cities in China, more ancient than Beijing, Xi'an and Nanjing. During the Han dynasty, Hanyang became a fairly busy port. In the winter of 208/9, one of the most famous battles in Chinese history and a central event in the ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''—the Battle of Red Cliffs—took place in the vicinity of the cliffs near Wuhan.〔"The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the 13th year of Jian'an, probably about the end of 208."〕 Around that time, walls were built to protect Hanyang (AD 206) and Wuchang (AD 223). The latter event marks the foundation of Wuhan. In AD 223, the Yellow Crane Tower (黄鹤楼) was constructed on the Wuchang side of the Yangtze River. Cui Hao, a celebrated poet of Tang dynasty, visited the building in the early 8th century; his poem made it the most celebrated building in southern China.〔Wan: Page 42.〕 The city has long been renowned as a center for the arts (especially poetry) and for intellectual studies. Under the Mongol rulers (Yuan dynasty), Wuchang was promoted to the status of provincial capital; by the dawn of the 18th century, Hankou had become one of China's top four most important towns of trade. In the late 19th century, railroads were extended on a north–south axis through the city, making Wuhan an important transshipment point between rail and river traffic. Also during this period foreign powers extracted mercantile concessions, with the riverfront of Hankou being divided up into foreign-controlled merchant districts. These districts contained trading firm offices, warehouses, and docking facilities. On October 10, 1911, Sun Yat-sen's followers launched the Wuchang Uprising,〔戴逸, 龔書鐸. () (2003) 中國通史. 清. Intelligence press. ISBN 962-8792-89-X. p 86-89.〕 which led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty,〔Fenby, Jonathan. () (2008). The History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power. ISBN 978-0-7139-9832-0. pg 107, pg 116, pg 119.〕 as well as the establishment of the Republic of China.〔Welland, Sasah Su-ling. () (2007). A Thousand Miles of Dreams: The Journeys of Two Chinese Sisters. Rowman Littlefield Publishing. ISBN 0-7425-5314-0, ISBN 978-0-7425-5314-9. pg 87.〕 Wuhan was the capital of a leftist Kuomintang government led by Wang Jingwei, in opposition to Chiang Kai-shek during the 1920s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War and following the fall of Nanking in December 1937, Wuhan had become the provisional capital of China's Kuomintang government, and became another focal point of pitched air battles beginning in early 1938 between modern monoplane bomber and fighter aircraft of the Imperial Japanese forces and the Chinese Air Force, which included support from the Soviet Volunteer Group in both planes and personnel, as U.S. support in war materials waned.〔http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1938.htm〕 As the battle raged on through 1938, Wuhan and the surrounding region had become the site of the Battle of Wuhan. After being taken by the Japanese in late 1938, Wuhan became a major Japanese logistics center for operations in southern China. In December 1944, the city was largely destroyed by U.S. firebombing raids conducted by the Fourteenth Air Force. In 1967, civil strife struck the city in the Wuhan Incident as a result of tensions arising out of by the Cultural Revolution. The city has been subject to devastating floods, which are now supposed to be controlled by the ambitious Three Gorges Dam, a project which was completed in 2008. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wuhan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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